Orientation to Computing — II
Unit 3: Introduction to Cyber Security & Secure Web Browsing
From understanding threats to defending networks — master cybersecurity fundamentals, tools like Nmap, and start earning by auditing security for Indian businesses.
⏱️ Time to Complete: 8–10 hours | 💰 Earning Potential: ₹5,000–₹15,000/month | 📝 30 MCQs (Bloom's Mapped)
💼 Jobs this unlocks: SOC Analyst (₹4–6 LPA) | Junior Penetration Tester (₹5–8 LPA) | Cybersecurity Intern (₹15K–25K/month)
Opening Hook — When India's Biggest Hospital Went Dark
🏥 The AIIMS Delhi Ransomware Attack — November 23, 2022
At 7:00 AM on November 23, 2022, doctors at AIIMS Delhi — India's most prestigious hospital — arrived to find their computers locked. Every screen displayed a single message: "Your files have been encrypted. Pay 200 crore in cryptocurrency to get the decryption key."
Over 40 million patient records — including data of VVIPs, ministers, and ordinary citizens — were held hostage. Five critical servers were encrypted. The hospital was forced to go completely manual: paper prescriptions, handwritten lab reports, manual OPD registrations. Surgeries were delayed. Emergency patients faced chaos. India's premier medical institution was brought to its knees — not by a disease, but by a cyberattack.
It took two full weeks for CERT-In, NIC, and Delhi Police Cyber Cell to restore systems from backups. The attackers were never publicly identified. The investigation revealed unpatched servers, weak network segmentation, and lack of endpoint protection — basic security failures that a trained professional could have prevented.
What if YOU had been on that security team? What if YOU had prevented this? That's exactly what this chapter prepares you for.
Learning Outcomes — Bloom's Taxonomy Mapped
| Bloom's Level | Learning Outcome |
|---|---|
| 🔵 Remember | Define the CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) and list 7 types of malware with their characteristics |
| 🔵 Understand | Explain the difference between information security and cybersecurity, and describe how common attacks (phishing, DDoS, MITM) work using Indian examples |
| 🟢 Apply | Use Nmap to perform a basic network scan on localhost, interpret open ports, and identify running services |
| 🟢 Analyze | Identify red flags in phishing emails and classify attack types from real Indian case studies (AIIMS, Cosmos Bank) |
| 🟠 Evaluate | Assess the security posture of a home network and evaluate UPI's security architecture against CIA principles |
| 🟠 Create | Design a complete 'Home Network Security Audit Report' following industry-standard methodology |